HIST 301: History of Science in Muslim Civilizations explores the monumental contributions of Muslim scholars and civilizations to the fields of science, technology, medicine, and mathematics from the 8th to the 16th centuries. This course delves into the Golden Age of Islamic Science, when the Muslim world became the epicenter of knowledge, innovation, and scholarship. Students will investigate how Muslim scholars preserved, enhanced, and expanded upon the scientific knowledge of previous civilizations, including the Greeks, Persians, and Indians, and how they developed original contributions that laid the groundwork for the Renaissance and beyond.
The course examines key figures such as Al-Khwarizmi, known as the father of algebra; Ibn Al-Haytham, a pioneer of modern optics; Al-Razi, a trailblazer in medicine; and Al-Biruni, a master of geography and astronomy. Through an analysis of seminal works and scientific methodologies, students will gain insights into the interdisciplinary approach of Islamic science, which encompassed a wide range of disciplines such as astronomy, chemistry, geography, mathematics, and medicine. The course also addresses the establishment of renowned centers of learning, like the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, and explores the impact of translation movements on the transmission of knowledge to Europe.
In addition to understanding the historical context and achievements of Muslim scientists, “HIST 301: History of Science in Muslim Civilizations” will also reflect on the decline of scientific inquiry in the Muslim world and the complex factors contributing to it, including political, social, and economic changes. By the end of the course, students will appreciate the enduring legacy of Islamic science and its relevance to contemporary scientific discussions and innovations.
Overall Objectives for this Course:
By the end of this course, students should be able to:
- Trace the development of scientific thought and methodology in Muslim civilizations.
- Identify key Muslim scholars and their contributions to various scientific disciplines.
- Analyze the significance of major scientific works and inventions from the Islamic Golden Age.
- Understand the role of translation movements in preserving and disseminating knowledge.
- Explore the interdisciplinary nature of Islamic science and its integration with philosophical and religious thought.
- Assess the impact of Islamic science on European Renaissance and modern science.
- Discuss the factors leading to the decline of scientific inquiry in Muslim civilizations.
- Evaluate the contemporary relevance of historical scientific contributions made by Muslim scholars.
- Engage critically with primary and secondary sources on the history of science in Muslim civilizations.
- Reflect on the cultural, social, and intellectual contexts that facilitated scientific advancements in Muslim societies.
